The data behind the empirical work
The open datasets that feed the CMH state space. Each source maps onto one of the framework’s variable families. These are external databases, maintained by their respective institutions; the links go to the original portals.
Four primary sources
Demographic, economic and labour indicators with the coverage and comparability the framework requires.
UN Population Division Data Portal
Global demographic indicators: population, age structure, fertility and migration. Search and compare across regions and countries, with download in several formats.
Open portal →DataBank — World Development Indicators
The primary World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized international sources, with national, regional and global estimates. External debt and financial flows are included.
Open portal →WIID — World Income Inequality Database
Income inequality data for 202 countries through 2023, over 26,000 data points. The WIID Companion provides standardized, comparable country-level series for the longest periods possible.
Open portal →ILOSTAT
International labour statistics from the ILO Department of Statistics: measurement standards and comparable indicators on employment, unemployment and the labour force across member states.
Open portal →Replication datasets specific to each working paper, including the constructed indices, live on GitHub alongside the code.